Obstructive group

(%FEV₁ ≤ 70%n = 22)

Non-obstructive group

(%FEV₁ > 70%, n = 33)

Predicted postoperative values (ppo-values)

COPD

(C-group, n = 22)

Tiotropium

Smoker

(S-group, n = 10)

Tiotropium

Non-smoker

(N-group, n = 23)

Control

p value

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

C-g vs S-g

C-g vs N-g

S-g vs N-g

ppo-VC (L)

2.43 ± 0.51

2.22 ± 0.41

2.38 ± 0.56

0.2123

0.1014

0.1750

ppo-FEV1 (L)

1.49 ± 0.38

1.87 ± 0.40

1.85 ± 0.47

0.0323

0.0955

0.1692

ppo-VC% (predicted, %)

85.4 ± 13.0

79.1 ± 17.7

90.2 ± 15.4

0.0906

0.0844

0.0238

ppo-FEV1/FVC (%)

46.8 ± 6.5

86.0 ± 9.8

60.7 ± 5.9

<0.0001

0.0004

0.0701